The Beehive, Wellington 2016. Source: Rod Barker.
It would be difficult to determine an accurate level of public awareness of political party relationships in New Zealand. This is not because there's lack of information available on the subject, it's probably because the public feel alienated from political processes.
Polls and surveys are ways
to establish public awareness, however, when looking at a recent Colmar BruntonPoll (February 2018), the information sought pertains to: preferred Prime
Minister, key political events, preferred party vote, economic outlook and
parliamentary seat entitlement. Surveys such as this capture a snapshot view of
public opinion, however, do not generate public awareness of current political
party relationships. There seems to be little interest from the public on
political party relationships due to societal beliefs that politicians have
ulterior motives and have a tendency of catering to corporate interests.
According to Bryce Edwards, political parties have become
more remote from civil society as relationships become strained between parties
and social constituencies and no longer have relevant links with societal
organisations (2003). Mr Edwards also believes that the erosion of traditional
linkages between party and interest groups creates a free market for influence,
in which the numbers of unaligned groups searching for influence have
multiplied. In this environment, political parties compete for their attention
and the interest groups compete for that of the political parties. It is his
view that increasingly, interest groups choose to work objectively with whoever
is in government rather than form allegiances with any particular political
party.
Public awareness of
specialised roles within Parliament
The meaning of caucus is simply a ‘meeting’
of all party members of a particular party within Parliament to discuss
political matters. During caucus
decisions and discussions on policy direction and formulation occur. At other times caucuses agree on the tactics
to be followed by party members in the House and at select committees, and
determine appointments to public office (McGee, 2005). However, because caucuses are party bodies
and not government or parliamentary bodies, matters discussed and papers
prepared are not considered official information. This means
there is no right of public to access such information. Partly because of this practice the general
public are unlikely to be aware of the role of caucus. Furthermore, the word ‘caucus’ is specialised
language and is therefore, jargon.
News
presentation practice suggests to avoid jargon because its often used to impress, rather
than inform the audience. Similarly, the term ‘whip’ is jargon and not
understood by the public either. The whip has an organisational role within
Parliament. One of their main tasks is to ensure party members are present in
Parliament to support a question that is put to the vote. The whip’s job is to ensure the
Government maintains a voting majority in the House and they do this by keeping track of member’s movements
and only granting member absences from the House when justified.
Just how aware the public are of the
role of caucuses, whips, and the organisation of different political parties is
difficult to determine. One international study undertaken by Md. Z Abedin and
Md. Moniruzzaman from the World University of Bangladesh (2015) sought to measure the level of political
consciousness of the public though a study on political talk shows. This study also sought to identify how much
these shows act as a common and authentic platform of communication between
public and government. The findings
revealed that the television shows had little impact on public awareness due to
the different channels presenting a particular topic in different ways causing
viewer ambiguity. Whether any
parallels with New Zealand political talk shows can be drawn remains to be
seen. Additionally, television is only
one medium through which the pubic gain an understanding of New Zealand’s
politics, political relationships and roles.
Organisation of
political parties
Political parties are typically hierarchically structured
with a party leader at the top with following supporting members. There are
other roles within parties involving speechwriting, political analysis,
marketing, publicity, public relations, communications and fundraising. In
regards to party structure, ex Green Party politician Catherine
Delahunty stated, political parties are all a bit different in style but most
have similar structures. For example, everyone has a Party President, or in the
Green’s case, Co-Convenors and have groups like Young Nationals, Young Labour, Young
Greens, Māori Caucus, Women’s Network plus other interest groups, and they all
have delegate structures representing electorates. There are differences around
who gets to vote for leaders and how lists are ranked. Not surprisingly Ms Delahunty believes that the Green Party
structure is the most democratic and consensus based.
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